How sunlight becomes electricity, why a panel's output moves with temperature and shade, and how to tell a healthy array from a failing one. Physics and engineering only — no products, no prices.
Three architectures, one question: where does maximum power point tracking happen? How that choice changes shading response, monitoring, failure modes and access.
Three architectures answering one question: what happens when the sun is not shining. Why a grid-tied array goes dark in an outage, and what hybrid actually adds.